Modern pipeline grades, such as X70 and X80, improve many properties but come with undesirable features such as heat-affected zone (HAZ) softening in seam and girth welds.
These pipeline steels with microalloying elements are manufactured using thermomechanical controlled processing (TMCP) with controlled rolling and cooling for improving mechanical properties. When pipelines are welded together, the HAZ material adjacent to the weld pool experiences an irregular thermal profile resulting in adverse microstructural evolution.
This relatively small zone undergoes a significant transformation starting with the transformation of ferrite to austenite, followed by grain growth and precipitate dissolution, and finally, austenite decomposition to different transformation products as the HAZ starts to cool down.
This article explores how engineers may explore multiple welding scenarios using reasonable resources to plan for optimal welding.
Read the complete article here.
Applus+’ team is comprised of experts experienced in leveraging machine learning, digital twin, and simulation tools for welding processes, products, and design. Contact us for more information.
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